Path to independence,

1- The emergence and success of independent movements are mainly determined by domestic politics: by the relations of groups and regions within the state. Whether a separatist achieves its aims, however, is determined largely by international politics, the balance of interests and forces that extend beyond the state borders.


Occasionally, measures which are available to support separatist movements, including external assistance may modify separatist sentiment. sometimes, external relations reinforce separatist natural tendency. Separatism lies squarely at the juncture of internal and international politics, but for the most part, the emergence of separatism can be explained in terms of domestic ethnic politics.


2 -A group that might otherwise be disposed to separatism will not be so disposed if its separatism is likely to lead, not to independence, but to incorporation in a neighboring state, membership in which is viewed as even less desirable than membership in the existing state.

 Groups demanding complete independence may have the strongest sense of grievance. The contrast between Baluch and other ethnic groups in Pakistan and Iran revealing on this score. The Baluch sentiment runs deep, and it has broader support, and political organization frequently have turned to violence and frequently demanded independence.

3- If the ethnic claim to power combines with relative wealth, the case for separatism is strong. Pashtun and Muhajir Movement in Pakistan or Persian and Turk in Iran may not lead a separatist movement to independence.

Pashtun, Punjabi, Muhajir, and others in Pakistan; Persian and Turk in Iran have benefited from opportunities in education and nonagricultural employment. They are represented above the mean in number of secondary and university graduates, in bureaucratic, commercial, and professional employment, and in per capita income. Separatist regions are characterized as backward.

4- After the rejection of their claim to the states' resources, the Baluch advanced their claim, they attempted to secede sooner. They concluded that they have a small stake in preserving undivided states of which they are included by force at the first place.

Sensing competitive weakness in the large states, Baluch in Baluchistan at the first they demanded representation in political and the public service. With the clear signs that the state is dominated by members of other groups Baluch choose to opt out for an independent.

Educated elite,

5- The Baluch educated elites stand to gain from the creation of new opportunities in an independent Baluchistan. This excludes Punjabi, Muhajir in Pakistan and Persian-Turk from their seniority positions. Separation creates new positions for the educated elite and reduces the pool of competitors.

6- It takes little to convince Baluch that new colonialism has arrived. The army, the police, the judiciary and trader in Baluchistan are all in the non-Baluch hands. Urdu in Pakistan and Persian in Iran are the official national languages. Civil service has been appointed in Capital and sent to administer Baluchistan, with slight regard for local authorities.

Estimate gave the Baluch in Pakistan 5 percent of civil service positions in their province and almost none at the highest level. In the Iranian Occupied Baluchistan, the estimate is next to nothing. Punjab and Karachi in Pakistan; Tehran and Isfahan and Tabriz In Iran have a surplus population they export them to Baluchistan, the same is true with investment. The cheap but fertile coastal land have been purchased by ambitious muhajir and Punjabi and Persian and Turk in Mukran coast resented the Baluch. The sentiment for independence does not need to revolve around predictions of whether separation would involve an economic loss or gain.
Mehrab.Sarjov