Monday, October 27, 2014

Oslo Freedom Forum 2014, The World’s Dissidents Have Their Say

OSLO — THE movie “Titanic” was more than just a doomed romance for Yeonmi Park.
Ms. Park, 21, said she was a young teen living in North Korea when she watched a bootleg copy of the blockbuster. The tale of love found and lost helped her begin to shake off the psychic grip the Kim dynasty had on her.
“It was fascinating to me that anyone would make a movie about such a shameful story,” she said during a speech last week at the sixth Oslo Freedom Forum, a gathering of activists and dissidents from around the world. “How could they release such a movie? I was so curious.”
Before, Ms. Park had believed that “dying for the regime was the most honorable thing you could do,” and she and her sister had vowed to die for the Kims if necessary. But in “Titanic,” she saw “people dying for love, a man willing to die for a woman. It changed my thinking,” she said, adding, “It gave me a taste of freedom.”
For a conference dedicated to human rights, there was a lot to talk about this year. The Freedom Forum, which showcases and celebrates the stories of dissidents, had an abundance of offerings at a time when the world’s problems seem to keep multiplying. This is a place you can come to and get depressed about a lot more than Ebola and the Islamic State, and then wash your worries away with wine and reindeer served several ways — it is Norway, after all.
The speakers kept prodding the audience to remember their corners of the world. But there are so many dark corners that it was easy to feel discouraged, even among such a display of courage.
“Things are unquestionably getting worse, and that is not embellishment or melodrama,” said Thor Halvorssen, 39, the forum’s founder, of the state of human rights. His group has helped smuggle activists out of repressive countries, provided many with broader exposure and connected others with prominent financiers and technologists. Nico Sell, the chief executive of Wickr, a communications app that promotes its privacy, helpfully handed out Faraday cages, which shield cellphones and other devices from digital snoops.
“People say the truth will win out,” Mr. Halvorssen said, but “it’s hard for truth to win out when on the other side there is an enormous machinery of propaganda or of lawyers threatening defamation suits. Truth will win out, but it needs a little help.”
For Mr. Halvorssen, a Venezuelan with some Norwegian lineage, the conference was personal; his uncle had been killed only a few days earlier in what appeared to be a random act of violence in a country where crime has spiraled out of control and little attention is paid.
Tales of horror and oppression stretched from Sri Lanka to Swaziland, China to Cuba.
From Russia, there was a contingent of former prisoners; Maria Alyokhina and Nadezhda Tolokonnikova from Pussy Riot; and Mikhail Khodorkovsky, the Russian billionaire turned dissident, who set aside his own story to tell those of Russians jailed for trying to protest at Moscow’s Bolotnaya Square in 2012, on the day before President Vladimir V. Putin’s latest inauguration.
From Egypt, there was Bassem Youssef, his country’s Jon Stewart, talking about his show being canceled under pressure from the latest military regime. “I have no idea why you listen to an unemployed bum like me,” he quipped.
From Turkey, there was Erdem Gunduz, a dancer and the so-called standing man, who stood motionless in silence during the Taksim Square protests. When he accepted an award at the forum, he said the life of Sisyphus, rolling a rock up a mountain, didn’t look so bad in his view. “It is a job,” he said, “and maybe he’s happy because he’s employed.”
Pleas for attention kept coming. Janet Hinostroza, an Ecuadorean journalist, talked of the hypocrisy of her country’s leader, Rafael Correa, providing asylum to Julian Assange while assailing journalists in his country. “Please talk about this story,” she said. Yulia Marushevska, a Ukrainian student who starred in a protest video that went viral on YouTube, projected a map of her country because she said many didn’t know where it is. “I ask you to stay with us in this fight,” she said.
The Harvard professor Steven Pinker urged attendees to view the long game. Yes, he called recent events “mildly discouraging” and cited statistics showing that civil liberties were on the decline.
On the other hand, he said: “What were the first governments like? Archaeologists and historians tell us they were extraordinarily unfree. Basically, all of the first centralized governments were led by despots.
“These were men who could impose their will on their countries, who could kill with impunity and who kept large harems of women,” he added. “So that was our starting point.”
And now?
“Modernity is increasing the forces that tend historically to push human rights along — communications, education and reason,” he said. “If history is a guide, these trends militate towards long-term expansion of freedom and rights.”
This much is clear from last week’s gathering: There is no shortage of people committed to pushing human rights along. And they seemed to draw strength from one another.
“They are really optimistic,” Ms. Park said of her fellow travelers. “They have hope, and I have hope, too.”
Danny Hakim is a European correspondent for The New York Times.http://www.nytimes.com/2014/10/26/sunday-review/the-worlds-dissidents-have-their-say.html?smid=tw-share


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